Heat and Mass Transfer
According to Stefan Boltzmann law, ideal radiators emit radiant energy at a rate proportional to

Absolute temperature
Fourth power of absolute temperature
Fourth power of temperature
Square of temperature

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Heat and Mass Transfer
Which of the following would lead to a reduction in thermal resistance?

All of these
In radiation, increasing the temperature and reducing the emissivity.
In convection, stirring of the fluid and cleaning the heating surface.
In conduction, reduction in the thickness of the material and an increase in thermal conductivity.

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Heat and Mass Transfer
In counter flow heat exchangers

Both the fluids at inlet are in their hottest state
Both the fluids at exit are in their hottest state
Both the fluids at inlet (of heat exchanger where hot fluid enters) are in their coldest state
One fluid is in hottest state and other in coldest state at inlet

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