Heat and Mass Transfer
The process of heat transfer from one particle of the fluid to another by the actual movement of the fluid particles due to difference of density caused by temperature of the particle is known as

Forced convection
Free convection
Radiation
Conduction

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Heat and Mass Transfer
Kirchhoff's law states that

The wave length corresponding to the maximum energy is proportional to the absolute temperature
None of these
The ratio of the emissive power and absorptive power of all bodies is the same and is equal to the emissive power of a perfectly black body
The total radiation from a black body per second per unit area is directly proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature

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Heat and Mass Transfer
The heat transfer by conduction through a thick cylinder (Q) is given by (where T₁ = Higher temperature, T₂ = Lower temperature, r₁ = Inside radius, r₂ = Outside radius, l = Length of cylinder, and k = Thermal conductivity)

Q = = 2πlk/2.3 (T₁ - T₂) log (r₂/r₁)
Q = [2πlk (T₁ - T₂)]/2.3 log (r₂/r₁)
Q = 2.3 log (r₂/r₁)/[2πlk (T₁ - T₂)]
Q = [2π (T₁ - T₂)]/2.3 lk log (r₂/r₁)

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