Machine Design
According to I.B.R., shearing resistance required to shear off the rivet per pitch length (in double shear) is (where n = Number of rivets per pitch length)

(π/4) d² × τ × n
3 × (π/4) d² × τ × n
2 × (π/4) d² × τ × n
1.875 × (π/4) d² × τ × n

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Machine Design
The designation M 33 × 2 of a bolt means

Metric threads of 33 mm outside diameter and 2 mm pitch
Metric threads of 33 numbers in 2 cm
Bolt of 33 mm nominal diameter having 2 threads per cm
Metric threads with cross-section of 33 mm

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Machine Design
Form coefficient of spring is

Load required to produce unit deflection
Ratio of coil diameter to wire diameter
Its capability of storing energy
Concerned with strength of wire of spring

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