Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The hydraulic efficiency of a reaction turbine, is the ratio of

Work-done on the wheel to the energy (or head of water) actually supplied to the turbine
None of these
Power produced by the turbine to the energy actually supplied by the turbine
Actual work available at the turbine to energy imparted to the wheel

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a large rectangular orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of the liquid above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of the liquid above the bottom of the orifice, b = Breadth of the orifice, and Cd = Coefficient of discharge)

Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H22 - H12)
Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H21/2 - H11/2)
Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H23/2 - H13/2)
Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H2 - H1)

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