Theory of Machine
A torsional system with discs of moment of inertia I₁ and I₂ as shown in the below figure, is gear driven such that the ratio of speed of shaft B to shaft A is 'G'. Neglecting the inertia of gears, the equivalent inertia of disc on shaft B at the speed of shaft A is equal to

I₂/G²
I₂/G
G².I₂
G.I₂

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Theory of Machine
For an isochronous Hartnell governor (where r₁ and r₂ = Maximum and minimum radius of rotation of balls respectively, S₁ and S₂ = Maximum and minimum force exerted on the sleeve respectively, and M = Mass on the sleeve)

S₁/S₂ = r₁/r₂
(m.g - S₁)/(m.g - S₂) = r₂/r₁
(m.g + S₁)/(m.g + S₂) = r₁/r₂
S₂/S₁ = r₁/r₂

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Theory of Machine
Angle of dwell of cam is defined as the angle

Moved by the cam from the instant the follower begins to rise, till it reaches its highest position
Through which the cam rotates during the period in which the follower remains in the highest position
Of rotation of the cam for definite displacement of the follower
During which the follower returns to its initial position

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