Theory of Machine
A torsional system with discs of moment of inertia I₁ and I₂ as shown in the below figure, is gear driven such that the ratio of speed of shaft B to shaft A is 'G'. Neglecting the inertia of gears, the equivalent inertia of disc on shaft B at the speed of shaft A is equal to

I₂/G
G.I₂
G².I₂
I₂/G²

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Theory of Machine
Higher pairs are those which have

Elements of pairs not held together mechanically
Point or line contact between the two elements when in motion
Two elements that permit relative motion
Surface contact between the two elements when in motion

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Theory of Machine
The relation l = (2/3).(j + 2) apply only to kinematic chains in which lower pairs are used. This may be used to kinematic chains in which higher pairs are used, but each higher pair may be taken as equivalent to

One lower pair and two additional links
Any one of these
Two lower pairs and two additional links
Two lower pairs and one additional link

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