Machine Design
Slenderness ratio is the ratio of

Effective length of column to width of column
Maximum size of column to minimum size of column
Effective length of column to least radius of gyration of the column
Width of column to depth of column

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Machine Design
Stress concentration is caused due to

Variation in properties of material from point to point in a member
Pitting at points or areas at which loads on a member are applied
All of these
Abrupt change of section

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