Heat Transfer
A sphere of radius 'R₁' is enclosed in a sphere of radius 'R₂'. The view (or shape) factor for radiative heat transfer of the outer sphere with respect to the inner sphere is

(R₁/R₂)2
1
R₂/(R₁+R₂)

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Heat Transfer
Fouling factor

Does not provide a safety factor for design
Is a dimensionless quantity
None of these
Accounts for additional resistances to heat flow

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