Heat Transfer
A sphere of radius 'R₁' is enclosed in a sphere of radius 'R₂'. The view (or shape) factor for radiative heat transfer of the outer sphere with respect to the inner sphere is

R₂/(R₁+R₂)
(R₁/R₂)2
1

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Heat Transfer
Air is to be heated by condensing steam. Two heat exchangers are available (i) a shell and tube heat exchanger and (ii) a finned tube heat exchanger. Tube side heat transfer area are equal in both the cases. The recommended arrangement is

Finned tube heat exchanger with air outside and steam inside
Finned tube heat exchanger with air inside and steam outside
Shell and tube heat exchanger with air on shell side and steam inside tubes
Shell and tube heat exchanger with air inside tubes and steam on shell side

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