Machine Design
A shaft is subjected to fluctuating loads for which the normal torque (T) and bending moment (M) are 1000 N-m and 500 N-m respectively. If the combined shock and fatigue factor for bending is 1.5 and combined shock and fatigue factor for torsion is 2, then the equivalent twisting moment for the shaft is

2100 N-m
2136 N-m
2000 N-m
2050 N-m

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Machine Design
The contact ratio is the ratio of

Length of arc of recess to the circular pitch
Length of path of contact to the circular pitch
Length of arc of approach to the circular pitch
Length of arc of contact to the circular pitch

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