Internal Combustion Engines
The purpose of testing an internal combustion engine is

To determine the information, which cannot be obtained by calculations
To satisfy the customer regarding the performance of the engine
All of these
To conform the data used in design, the validity of which may be doubtful

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Internal Combustion Engines
If V₁ is the jet velocity and V₀ is the vehicle velocity, then the propulsive efficiency of a rocket is given by

[2(V₀/V₁)]/ [1 + (V₀/V₁)²]
V₀/(V₀ + V₁)
(V₀/V₁)/ [1 + (V₀/V₁)²]
V₁/(V₀ + V₁)

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed, 4-stroke cycle diesel engine

Fuel injection starts at top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center
May start and end anywhere
Fuel injection starts at 10° before top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center
Fuel injection starts at just before top dead center and ends just after top dead center

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