Internal Combustion Engines
The exhaust valve in a four stroke cycle petrol engine

May open and close anywhere
Opens at bottom dead center and closes at top dead center
Opens at 50° before bottom dead center and closes at 15° after top dead center
Opens at 50° after bottom dead center and closes at 15° before top dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
The delay period in compression ignition engines depends upon

Temperature and pressure in the cylinder at the time of injection
Nature of the fuel mixture strength
Relative velocity between the fuel injection and air turbulence pressure of residual gases
All of these

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