Microbiology of Soils
A heterocyst is

a cell that carries out oxygenic photosynthesis
a terminally differentiated cell that fixes nitrogen
the progenitor of cyanobacterial vegetative cells
a type of spore

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Microbiology of Soils
Nitrogen oxidation (nitrification)refers to the

sulfur is oxidized to the sulfate form through Thiobacillus bacteria
conversion of ammonium ions into nitrates through the activities of certain bacteria.
None of these
changing of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to nitrogen compounds

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Microbiology of Soils
Nitrogen fixation

especially changes nitrogen compounds, mostly amines such as NH2
both (a) and (b)
fix the free nitrogen (N2) by which it should not be usable by plants
changes the free nitrogen (N2) to a form usable by plants

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Microbiology of Soils
Nitrogen fixation by the microorganisms can be detected by adopting the approach of

All of these
cultivating the microorganisms in the presence of nitrogen labeled with isotropic nitrogen
demonstrating growth in a nitrogen free medium
measuring15N2 by mass spectrometer

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