Irrigation Engineering
A fall in a canal bed is generally provided, if

Designed bed slope exceeds the ground slope
Ground slope is practically the same as the designed bed slope
None of these
Ground slope exceeds the designed bed slope

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Irrigation Engineering
Effective precipitation for a crop may be defined as

Total precipitation minus the loss due to evaporation
Total precipitation minus the loss due to infiltration
Available water stored in soil within root zone of the crop
Total precipitation during the crop period

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