Electrical Machines
The armature mmf of a DC machine has

 stepped distribution and rotates at the speed of armature.
  trapezoidal space distribution and is stationary in space.
  triangular space distribution and rotates at the speed of armature.
  triangular space distribution and is stationary in space.

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Electrical Machines
The synchronous reactance( Xs) is the

 reactance either due to armature reaction or leakage flux
 combined reactance due to armature reaction and leakage flux
 reactance due to leakage flux
 reactance due to armature reaction of the machine

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