UV Luminance Spectroscopy
Why do fluorescence spectrometers often use double-beam optics?

To compensate for power fluctuations in the radiation source
So a reference solution can be used
All of these
To compensate for beam attenuation by the monochromator

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UV Luminance Spectroscopy
In the intersystem crossing

All of these
a molecule converts its excess energy to light, and emits a photon
a molecule converts excess electronic energy to vibrational energy
the spin of an excited electron reverses, changing the state of the molecule (from singlet state to triplet state or vice versa)

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UV Luminance Spectroscopy
Internal conversion is where

A molecule converts its excess energy to light, and emits a photon
the spin of an excited electron reverses, changing the state of the molecule (from singlet state to triplet state or vice versa)
A molecule converts excess electronic energy to vibrational energy
None of these

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UV Luminance Spectroscopy
For a molecule to absorb IR, why must the molecule's vibrations cause fluctuations in the dipole moment of the molecule?

Because a change in dipole moment lowers the energy required for electronic transitions
All of these
Because fluctuations in the dipole moment allow the molecule to deform by bending and stretching
Because for absorption to occur, the radiation must interact with the electric field caused by changing dipole moment

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UV Luminance Spectroscopy
Fluorescence occurs when

None of these
a molecule lowers its vibrational energy by losing it's excess energy as a photon
a molecule returns to the electronic ground state from an excited singlet state by losing it's excess energy as a photon
a molecule returns to the electronic ground state from an excited triplet state by losing it's excess energy as a photon

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