UV Luminance Spectroscopy
Why do fluorescence spectrometers often use double-beam optics?

To compensate for beam attenuation by the monochromator
All of these
So a reference solution can be used
To compensate for power fluctuations in the radiation source

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UV Luminance Spectroscopy
Why must the radiation source for fluorescence spectrometry be more powerful than for absorption spectroscopy?

None of these
Because the magnitude of the output signal is proportional to the power of the incident radiation
To allow for scattering by the sample
Because the sample won't fluoresce if the incident radiation is of low power

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UV Luminance Spectroscopy
In the intersystem crossing

a molecule converts excess electronic energy to vibrational energy
the spin of an excited electron reverses, changing the state of the molecule (from singlet state to triplet state or vice versa)
All of these
a molecule converts its excess energy to light, and emits a photon

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UV Luminance Spectroscopy
Internal conversion is where

the spin of an excited electron reverses, changing the state of the molecule (from singlet state to triplet state or vice versa)
A molecule converts excess electronic energy to vibrational energy
A molecule converts its excess energy to light, and emits a photon
None of these

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UV Luminance Spectroscopy
Why phosphorescence measurements are usually made at a low temperature?

To increase the efficiency of the detector
To decease the efficiency of detector
To promote phosphorescence by slowing the rate of radiationless transfer processes
To prevent thermal degradation of the phosphorescent species

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