UV Luminance Spectroscopy
Why do fluorescence spectrometers often use double-beam optics?

To compensate for beam attenuation by the monochromator
So a reference solution can be used
All of these
To compensate for power fluctuations in the radiation source

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UV Luminance Spectroscopy
Why phosphorescence measurements are usually made at a low temperature?

To promote phosphorescence by slowing the rate of radiationless transfer processes
To increase the efficiency of the detector
To decease the efficiency of detector
To prevent thermal degradation of the phosphorescent species

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UV Luminance Spectroscopy
In the intersystem crossing

a molecule converts its excess energy to light, and emits a photon
All of these
the spin of an excited electron reverses, changing the state of the molecule (from singlet state to triplet state or vice versa)
a molecule converts excess electronic energy to vibrational energy

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UV Luminance Spectroscopy
For a molecule to absorb IR, why must the molecule's vibrations cause fluctuations in the dipole moment of the molecule?

Because for absorption to occur, the radiation must interact with the electric field caused by changing dipole moment
All of these
Because a change in dipole moment lowers the energy required for electronic transitions
Because fluctuations in the dipole moment allow the molecule to deform by bending and stretching

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UV Luminance Spectroscopy
Internal conversion is where

A molecule converts its excess energy to light, and emits a photon
A molecule converts excess electronic energy to vibrational energy
the spin of an excited electron reverses, changing the state of the molecule (from singlet state to triplet state or vice versa)
None of these

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