Aurangzeb was the sixth Mughal emperor. He was the third son of Shah Jahan and his famous queen, Mumtaz Mahal. He ruled the Indian subcontinent for 49 years. He is considered as the most ablest king of the Mughal empire.
Al Biruni was made court astrologer in Ghazni and he accompanied with Mahmud on his invasions on India. He lived for several years here and is considered to be first Indologist.