Process Control and Instrumentation
Accurate temperature measurement performance of a radiation pyrometer can not be affected, if the

Object is transparent
Enhancement or attentuation of redia-tion occurs in the sighting path
Object and surrounding are at almost the same temperature
Object has varying emissivity

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Process Control and Instrumentation
The Laplace transform of exp(at), where a > 0, is defined only for the Laplace parameter, s > a since

The Laplace transform integral of exp(at) has initial values only for s > a
The Laplace transform of integral of exp(at) has finite values only for s > a
The function exp(at) is piece-wise continuous only for s > a
The function is exponential

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