Al Biruni was made court astrologer in Ghazni and he accompanied with Mahmud on his invasions on India. He lived for several years here and is considered to be first Indologist.
During the rule of Akbar, the Mughal Empire was divided into 12 subas or provinces. These were Allahabad, Agra, Awadh, Ajmer, Ahmedabad, Bihar, Bengal, Delhi, Kabul, Lahore, Malwa, and Multan. Later on Ahmednagar, Berar, and Khandesh were added.