Workshop Technology
The welding set up is said to have straight polarity, when

Work is connected to the positive terminal and the electrode holder is earthed
Work is connected to the negative terminal and the electrode holder is earthed
Work is connected to the negative terminal and the electrode holder to the positive terminal
Work is connected to the positive terminal and the electrode holder to the negative terminal

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Workshop Technology
Sand wash is a casting defect which

Occurs as sand patches on the upper surface of a casting
Results in a mismatching of the top and bottom parts of a casting
Results in general enlargement of the casting
Occurs near the ingates as rough lumps on the surface of a casting

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