Heat Transfer
Which of the following is the most controlling factor for the rate of bubble detachment from the hot solid surface?

Liquid density
Liquid viscosity
Hot surface temperature
Interfacial tension

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Heat Transfer
Air is to be heated by condensing steam. Two heat exchangers are available (i) a shell and tube heat exchanger and (ii) a finned tube heat exchanger. Tube side heat transfer area are equal in both the cases. The recommended arrangement is

Finned tube heat exchanger with air inside and steam outside
Finned tube heat exchanger with air outside and steam inside
Shell and tube heat exchanger with air on shell side and steam inside tubes
Shell and tube heat exchanger with air inside tubes and steam on shell side

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Heat Transfer
Vacuum is generally maintained in the vapour space of an evaporator mainly to

Achieve very high concentration of the final product
Facilitate forward feeding in multiple effect evaporation
Get economical temperature difference by using moderate pressure steam
Concentrate heat sensitive materials

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