Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The major principal stress in an element of cohesion-less soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is

Inclined at 45° to the vertical plane
Vertical if the soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium
Vertical if the soil is in a passive state of plastic equilibrium
None of these

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The ultimate consolidation settlement of a structure resting on a soil

Decreases with the increase in the initial voids ratio
Decreases with the decrease in the plastic limit
Increases with the increase in the initial voids ratio
Increases with the decrease in the porosity of the soil

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The effect of cohesion on a soil is to

reduce both the active earth pressure intensity and passive earth pressure intensity
increase the active earth pressure in-tensity but to reduce the passive earth pressure intensity [GATE 99]
reduce the active earth pressure in-tensity but to increase the passive earth pressure intensity
increase both the active earth pressure intensity and passive earth pressure intensity

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
If the water table rises upto ground surface, then the

effective stress is reduced due to decrease in total stress only but pore water pressure does not change
total stress is increased due to decrease in pore water pressure but effective stress does not change
total stress is reduced due to increase in pore water pressure only but effective stress does not change
effective stress is reduced due to increase in pore water pressure only but total stress does not change

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