Plant Structure
Any system that is not at equilibrium

is thermodynamically unstable, although it may be kinetically stable
is kinetically unstable, although it may be thermodynamically stable
is rushing toward equilibrium at a very rapid rate
requires an enzyme to reach equilibrium

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Plant Structure
The mitochondria were known in the nineteenth century to be osmotically active on the basis of evidence that

mitochondria were derived from a symbiotic bacterium
mitochondria are surrounded by a semi permeable membrane
the mitochondrial matrix is hypertonic to the cellular cytoplasm
the mitochondrial matrix is hypotonic to the cellular cytoplasm

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Plant Structure
Which of the following observations is not used as evidence to support the concept of endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Both can live and function independently of the cell
Both have their own DNA
Both strongly resemble prokaryotes, especially in size
Both have their own ribosomes

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