Process Control and Instrumentation
Temperature control of an exothermic chemical reaction taking place in a CSTR is done with the help of cooling water flowing in a jacket around the reactor. The types of valve and controller action to be recommended are

Air to close valve with the controller direct acting
Air to open valve with the controller indirect acting
Air to open valve with the controller direct acting
Air to close valve with the controller indirect acting

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Process Control and Instrumentation
A magnetic flowmeter is

All of these
Capable of measuring the flow rate of slurries and electrolytes
Based on the linear relationship between the fluid flow rate and the induced voltage
Based on the principle of Faraday's law

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Process Control and Instrumentation
In a closed loop system, the process to be controlled is an integrating process with transfer function l/2s. The controller proposed to be used in an integral controller with transfer function 1/T₁s. When a step change in set point is applied to such a closed loop system, the controlled variable will exhibit

Underdamped response
Unstable response
Undamped response
Overdamped response

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