Mass Transfer
When the liquid phase and vapour phase of a binary system obeys Raoult's and Dalton's law respectively, the relative volatility is the ratio of

Vapour pressure of component A to that of component B
Vapour pressure of component A to the partial pressure of A
Vapour pressure of component A to the total pressure
Partial pressure of component A to the total pressure

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Mass Transfer
Channelling is most severe

In towers packed with stacked packing
At very high liquid flow rate
In dumped packing of regular units
In towers packed randomly with crushed solids

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