Control Systems
When compared to a 1st order LPF, a 2nd order LPF has

 higher voltage gain.
 faster drop in filter response.
 higher cut off frequency.
 lower voltage gain.

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Control Systems
A cascade of three linear time invariant systems is causal and unstable. From this we conclude that

 each system in the cascade is individually caused and unstable.
 the majority are unstable and the majority are causal.
 at least one system is causal and all systems are unstable.
 at least one system is unstable and at least one system is causal.

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