Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
When an ideal fluid flows past a sphere

lowest pressure intensity occurs at front stagnation point
highest intensity of pressure occurs around the circumference at right angles to flow
lowest pressure intensity occurs at rear stagnation point
total drag is zero

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In a reaction turbine, the draft tube is used

To prevent air to enter the turbine
To run the turbine full
To transport water to downstream
To increase the head of water by an amount equal to the height of the runner outlet above the tail race

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A tank of uniform cross-sectional area (A) containing liquid upto height (H1) has an orifice of cross-sectional area (a) at its bottom. The time required to bring the liquid level from H1 to H2 will be

2A × √H₂/Cd × a × √(2g)
2A × √H₁/Cd × a × √(2g)
2A × (√H₁ - √H₂)/Cd × a × √(2g)
2A × (√H3/2 - √H3/2)/Cd × a × √(2g)

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