Electrical Machines
Ward-Leonard system for controlling the speed of a DC motor is used where

 The speed in both the direction is required.
 The accuracy in speed control is required.
 Very fine speed control over the whole range from zero to normal speed is required.
 All of above.

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Electrical Machines
A dc shunt generator, when driven without any excitation, showed an open circuit voltage of 12 V. When the field winding was excited, the voltage dropped to zero. It happened because

 field winding was wrongly connected
 field resistance was higher than critical resistance
 there was no residual magnetism in the field circuit
 there was a break in the armature circuit

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