Electrical Machines
In dc machines, the field system has to be provided on stator unlike synchronous machines Where in it could be on any member, because

 commutator action is not possible otherwise
 it reduces field structure iron losses
 it gives more uniform air-gap flux distribution
 dc machines are comparatively low rating machines.

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Electrical Machines
Two of supply terminals to a 3 - Φ induction motor get interchanged during re-connection after normal maintenance. When switched on the supply, the motor will

  get heated and damaged.
  rotate in direction opposite to that before maintenance.
  not start at all.
  rotate in the same direction as before maintenance.

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