Engineering Materials
Vanadium in high speed steels

Provides high hot hardness
Promotes decarburisation
Forms very hard carbides and thus increases wear resistance
Promotes retention of austenite

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Engineering Materials
Malleable cast iron

Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or cerium) in the ladle. Graphite is in the nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material
Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough, and easily machined metal
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron

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