Engineering Materials
Vanadium in high speed steels

Promotes decarburisation
Promotes retention of austenite
Provides high hot hardness
Forms very hard carbides and thus increases wear resistance

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Engineering Materials
Nickel in steel

Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti-corrosion properties
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability

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