Applied Mechanics and Graphic Statics
A square hole is punched out of a circular lamina, the diagonal of the square being the radius of the circle. If ‘r’ is the radius of the circle, the C.G. of the remainder from the corner of the square on the circumference will be

[r (π + 0.25)]/(π + 0.5)
[r (π - 0.5)]/(π + 0.25)
[r (π + 0.25)]/(π - 0.5)
[r (π - 0.25)]/(π - 0.5)

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Applied Mechanics and Graphic Statics
The force acting on a point on the surface of a rigid body may be considered to act

At any point on the surface normal to the line of action of the force
On the periphery of the body
At the centre of gravity of the body
On any point on the line of action of the force

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