Transgenic Plant
Transgenic plants with increased tolerance to aluminum have been produced by making plants that

bind aluminum to the cell wall
secrete citrate into the soil
secrete phytosiderophores into the soil
make more metal-binding peptides like phytochelatins

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Transgenic Plant
In transgenic plants that have been manipulated to express patho-genesis-related (PR) proteins all the time it has been shown that

expression of one PR protein provides high levels of protection against many pathogens
expression of two PR proteins provides some protection against a few pathogens
these provide no protection at all against pathogens
these proteins trigger the production of other antimicrobial defenses

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