Transformers
The efficiency of a transformer, under heavy loads, is comparatively low because

iron loss is increased considerably
voltage drop both in primary and secondary becomes large
secondary output is much less as compared to primary input
copper loss becomes high in proportion to the output

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Transformers
In a power or distribution transformer about 10 per cent end turns are heavily insulated

to reflect the line surge and save the winding of a transformer from damage
to absorb the line surge voltage and save the winding of transformer from damage
to withstand the high voltage drop due to line surge produced by the shunting capacitance of the end turns
None of these

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