Transformers
The efficiency of a transformer, under heavy loads, is comparatively low because

voltage drop both in primary and secondary becomes large
secondary output is much less as compared to primary input
iron loss is increased considerably
copper loss becomes high in proportion to the output

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Transformers
An ideal transformer is one which has

no losses and magnetic leakage
a common core for its primary and secondary windings
interleaved primary and secondary windings
core of stainless steel and winding of pure copper metal

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Transformers
In a power or distribution transformer about 10 per cent end turns are heavily insulated

to reflect the line surge and save the winding of a transformer from damage
None of these
to absorb the line surge voltage and save the winding of transformer from damage
to withstand the high voltage drop due to line surge produced by the shunting capacitance of the end turns

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