Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
To avoid vaporisation in the pipe line, the pipe line over the ridge is laid such that it is not more than

6.4 m above the hydraulic gradient
10.0 m above the hydraulic gradient
5.0 above the hydraulic gradient
2.4 m above the hydraulic gradient

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Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
The normal stress is same in all directions at a point in a fluid

irrespective of the motion of one fluid layer relative to an adjacent layer
only when the fluid is frictionless
When there is no motion of one fluid layer relative to an adjacent layer
only when the fluid is incompressible and has zero viscosity

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