Heat and Mass Transfer
Thermal conductivity of water _________ with rise in temperature.

Decreases
Increases
Remain same
May increase or decrease depending upon temperature

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Heat and Mass Transfer
Film coefficient is defined as the ratio of

Thickness of film of fluid to the thermal conductivity
Thermal conductivity to the equivalent thickness of the film of fluid
Temperature drop through the films of fluids to the thickness of film of fluids
Thickness of film of fluid to the temperature drop through the films of fluids

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Heat and Mass Transfer
The heat transfer by conduction through a thick cylinder (Q) is given by (where T₁ = Higher temperature, T₂ = Lower temperature, r₁ = Inside radius, r₂ = Outside radius, l = Length of cylinder, and k = Thermal conductivity)

Q = [2π (T₁ - T₂)]/2.3 lk log (r₂/r₁)
Q = 2.3 log (r₂/r₁)/[2πlk (T₁ - T₂)]
Q = = 2πlk/2.3 (T₁ - T₂) log (r₂/r₁)
Q = [2πlk (T₁ - T₂)]/2.3 log (r₂/r₁)

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