Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The function of guide vanes in a reaction turbine is to

Allow the water to flow over them, without forming eddies
Allow the water to enter the runner without shock
All of the listed here
Allow the required quantity of water to enter the turbine

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A compound pipe of diameter d1, d2 and d3 having lengths l1, l2 and l3 is to be replaced by an equivalent pipe of uniform diameter d and of the same length (l) as that of the compound pipe. The size of the equivalent pipe is given by

l/d³ = (l₁/d₁³) + (l₂/d₂³) + (l₃/d₃³)
l/d⁴ = (l₁/d₁⁴) + (l₂/d₂⁴) + (l₃/d₃⁴)
l/d⁵ = (l₁/d₁⁵) + (l₂/d₂⁵) + (l₃/d₃⁵)
l/d² = (l₁/d₁²) + (l₂/d₂²) + (l₃/d₃²)

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