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Irrigation Engineering

Irrigation Engineering
The water utilizable by plants is available in soils mainly in the form of

chemical water
gravity water
hydroscopic water
capillary water

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Irrigation Engineering
If the height of the hydraulic gradient line above the floor of thickness t is h and the specific gravity of the material of the floor is G, the minimum thickness t of the floor downstream of the crest-wall, is given by the equation

t = (h + 1)/G
t = (h + 1)/(G + t)
t = (h - 1)/(G - t)
t = (h - 1)/(G + t)

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Irrigation Engineering
Presence of tail water in a gravity dam
i) increases the principal stress
ii) decreases the principal stress
iii) increases the shear stress
iv) decreases the shear stress
The correct answer is

(ii) and (iii)
(i) and (iii)
(i)and(iv)
(ii) and (iv)

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Irrigation Engineering
Fundamental momentum equation for a hydraulic jump, is

D₁² - D₂² = (2q/g) × (V₁ - V₂)
D₁² - D₂² = (2q/g) × (V₂ - V₁)
D₂² - D₁² = (2q/g) × (V - V₂)
D₁² + D₂² = (2q/g) × (V₂ - V₁)

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Irrigation Engineering
Interception losses are due to
i) evaporation
ii) transpiration
iii) stream flow
The correct answer is

(i)and(ii)
(ii) and (iii)
(i), (ii) and (iii)
only (i)

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Irrigation Engineering
The velocity of drainage water in the barrels of a syphon-aqueduct, is normally limited to

4 to 5 m per second
1 to 2 m per second
2 to 3 m per second
3 to 4 m per second

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