Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In a reaction turbine, the draft tube is used

To run the turbine full
To increase the head of water by an amount equal to the height of the runner outlet above the tail race
To transport water to downstream
To prevent air to enter the turbine

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Two dimensional flows occurs when

The direction and magnitude of the velocity at all points are identical
The fluid particles move in plane or parallel planes and the streamline patterns are identical in each plane
The velocity of successive fluid particles, at any point, is the same at successive periods of time
The magnitude and direction of the velocity do not change from point to point in the fluid

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