Transformers
The voltage transformation ratio of a transformer is equal to the ratio of

primary turns to secondary turns
secondary induced e.m.f. to primary induced e.m.f.
secondary terminal voltage to primary applied voltage
secondary current to primary current

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Transformers
The efficiency of a transformer, under heavy loads, is comparatively low because

iron loss is increased considerably
copper loss becomes high in proportion to the output
voltage drop both in primary and secondary becomes large
secondary output is much less as compared to primary input

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