Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Gibbs-Duhem equation

Finds no application in gas-liquid equilibria involved in distillation
None of these
Applies only to binary systems
States that n₁dμ₁ + n₂dμ₂ + ....njdμj = 0, for a system of definite composition at constant temperature and pressure

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Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
A reasonably general expression for vapour-liquid phase equilibrium at low to moderate pressure is Φi yi P = Yi xi fi° where, Φ is a vapor fugacity component, Yi is the liquid activity co-efficient and fi° is the fugacity of the pure component i. the Ki value (Yi = Ki xi) is therefore, in general a function of

Temperature, pressure and liquid composition xi only
Temperature, pressure, liquid composition xi and vapour composition yi
Temperature and pressure only
Temperature only

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