Compressors, Gas Turbines and Jet Engines
The overall isothermal efficiency of compressor is defined as the ratio of

Work to compress air isothermally to work for actual compression
Isothermal h.p. to the BHP of motor
Isothermal h.p. to adiabatic h.p.
Power to drive compressor to isothermal h.p.

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Compressors, Gas Turbines and Jet Engines
Clearance volume in actual reciprocating compressors is essential

To attain high volumetric efficiency
To provide cushioning effect and also to avoid mechanical bang of piston with cylinder head
To provide cushioning effect
To accommodate Valves in the cylinder head

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