Electrical Machines
The sparking at the the brushes, in a DC machines is due to

  reactance voltage.
 presence of commutator.
 armature reaction.
 high resistance of carbon brushes.

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Electrical Machines
Ward-Leonard system for controlling the speed of a DC motor is used where

 All of above.
 The speed in both the direction is required.
 Very fine speed control over the whole range from zero to normal speed is required.
 The accuracy in speed control is required.

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