Surveying
The shortest distance between two places measured along the surface of the earth, is

Length of the arc of the great circle passing through them
Length of the equator between their longitudes
Length of the parallel between their longitudes
None of these

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Surveying
The length of a chain is measured from

outside of one handle to outside of other handle
centre of one handle to centre of other handle
inside of one handle to inside of other handle
outside of one handle to inside of other handle

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Surveying
Which of the following errors cannot be eliminated by taking both face observations ?

error due to non-parallelism of the axis of telescope level and line of collimation
None of these
index error i.e. error due to imperfect adjustment of the vertical circle vernier
error due to horizontal axis not being perpendicular to the vertical axis

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