System Analysis and Design
The black-box concept:

All of these
is invoked by describing a system in terms of inputs and outputs, leaving the transformation process a black box.
assumes that inputs and outputs will remain stable
None of these
assumes that the black box is independent

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System Analysis and Design
In the system concepts, term Integration

means that parts of the computer system depend on one another
refers to the manner in which each component functions with other components of the system.
refers to the holism of systems
implies structure and order

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