Surveying
The scale of a vertical photograph of focal length ‘f’ taken from height of ‘H’ metres above M.S.L., at a point of reduced level ‘h’, is

f/(H + h)
f/H
f/(H - h)
(H - h)/f

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Surveying
Bowditch rule is applied to

a closed traverse for adjustment of closing error
an open traverse for graphical adjustment
determine the effect of local attraction
None of these

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Surveying
If altitude bubble is provided both on index frame as well as on telescope of a theodolite, then the instrument is levelled with reference toi) altitude bubble on index frameii) altitude bubble on index frame if it is to be used as a leveliii) altitude bubble on telescopeiv) altitude bubble on telescope if it is to be used as a level The correct answer is

only (iii)
both (ii) and (iii)
only (i)
both (i) and (iv)

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