Surveying
The scale of a vertical photograph of focal length ‘f’ taken from height of ‘H’ metres above M.S.L., at a point of reduced level ‘h’, is

(H - h)/f
f/H
f/(H - h)
f/(H + h)

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Surveying
Homologous points are

Corresponding points on the ground and photograph
Opposite corners of a photograph
Nodal points of the camera lens
Plumb points of stereo pair of photographs

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