Surveying
The scale of a vertical photograph of focal length ‘f’ taken from height of ‘H’ metres above M.S.L., at a point of reduced level ‘h’, is

f/(H - h)
f/(H + h)
f/H
(H - h)/f

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Surveying
Which of the following errors cannot be eliminated by taking both face observations ?

error due to horizontal axis not being perpendicular to the vertical axis
index error i.e. error due to imperfect adjustment of the vertical circle vernier
None of these
error due to non-parallelism of the axis of telescope level and line of collimation

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