Surveying
For which of the following permanent adjustments of theodolite, the spire test is used ?

adjustment of line of sight
adjustment of altitude bubble and vertical index frame
adjustment of plate levels
adjustment of horizontal axis

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Surveying
The difference between a level line and a horizontal line is that

level line is normal to plumb line while horizontal line may not be normal to plumb line at the tangent point to level line
level line is a curved line while hori-zontal line is a straight line
horizontal line is normal to plumb line while level line may not be normal to the plumb line
both are same

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