Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
Degree of reaction is defined as the ratio of

Heat drop in fixed blades plus heat drop in moving blades to the heat drop in moving blades
Heat drop in moving blades to the heat drop in fixed blades
Heat drop in moving blades to the heat drop in fixed blades plus heat drop in moving blades
Heat drop in fixed blades to the heat drop in moving blades

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
In forced recirculation type boiler,

Water is converted into steam in one pass without any recirculation
Heating takes place at bottom and the water supplied at bottom gets converted into the mixture of steam bubbles and hot water which rise to drum
Water is supplied in drum and through down comers located in atmospheric condition it passes to the water wall and rises to drum in the form of mixture of water and steam
Feed pump is employed to supplement natural circulation in water wall type furnace

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
The effect of friction on the flow of steam through a nozzle is to

Increase the exit temperature without any effect on mass flow rate
Increase the mass flow rate and to increase the exit temperature
Decrease the mass flow rate and to increase the wetness of steam
Decrease the mass flow rate and to decrease the wetness of steam

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