Workshop Technology
The purpose of a riser is to

Deliver molten metal into the mould cavity
Feed the molten metal to the casting in order to compensate for the shrinkage
Deliver the molten metal from pouring basin to gate
Act as a reservoir for the molten metal

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Workshop Technology
Piercing is an operation of cutting

A flat sheet to the desired shape
A number of holes evenly spaced in a regular pattern on a sheet of metal
A cylindrical hole in a sheet of metal by the punch and the die
A hole (other than cylindrical) in a sheet of metal by the punch and the die

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