Workshop Technology
The purpose of a riser is to

Feed the molten metal to the casting in order to compensate for the shrinkage
Act as a reservoir for the molten metal
Deliver the molten metal from pouring basin to gate
Deliver molten metal into the mould cavity

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Workshop Technology
A jolt machine is used to

Ram the sand harder at the pattern face with decreasing hardness towards the back of the mould
Produce uniform sand hardness throughout the mould
Ram the sand harder at the back of the mould and softer on the pattern face
Produce uniform packing of sand in the mould

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