Workshop Technology
The purpose of a riser is to

Deliver molten metal into the mould cavity
Deliver the molten metal from pouring basin to gate
Feed the molten metal to the casting in order to compensate for the shrinkage
Act as a reservoir for the molten metal

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Workshop Technology
Sand wash is a casting defect which

Occurs as sand patches on the upper surface of a casting
Results in general enlargement of the casting
Occurs near the ingates as rough lumps on the surface of a casting
Results in a mismatching of the top and bottom parts of a casting

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