Automobile Engineering in ME
The purpose of a balancer shaft is to

Adjusts the timing of the intake and exhaust valve openings
Reduce vibrations caused by the crankshaft rotation
Increase inertia force of the rotating crankshaft
Balance the timing in the movement of the two groups of pistons

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Automobile Engineering in ME
It is necessary to maintain the valve clearances as they

Increase the speed at which the valves move up and down
Allow for lengthening of the valves owing to the heat of combustion
Reduce the resistance to sliding that occurs between the cam and the tappet
Make the crankshaft turn smoothly

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Automobile Engineering in ME
A worm gear is used as the pinion for the rack and pinion type of steering gearbox, because it

Improves steering comfort when steering wheel is turned to effect small changes in the direction of forward motion
Reduces the amount of kickback for large steering angles
Allows the steering wheel to be turned by a greater amount when steering
Makes the steering more responsive

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