Design of Steel Structure
The portal bracing in a truss bridge is used to

Keep the rectangular shape of the bridge cross-section
Prevent the sides-way buckling of top chord
Transfer load from top of end posts to bearings
Stiffen the structure laterally

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Design of Steel Structure
The bracing between two columns of a steel tank will be designed to resist

horizontal, shear due to wind or earthquake + 2.5% of column loads
column loads + 2.5% of horizontal shear due to wind or earthquake
column loads + full horizontal shear due to wind or earthquake
horizontal shear due to wind or earthquake only

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