Design of Steel Structure
The portal bracing in a truss bridge is used to

Stiffen the structure laterally
Prevent the sides-way buckling of top chord
Keep the rectangular shape of the bridge cross-section
Transfer load from top of end posts to bearings

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Design of Steel Structure
The elastic strain for steel is about

1/24 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and about 1/200 of maximum strain
1/12 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and 1/200 of maximum strain
1/12 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and about 1/120 of maximum strain
1/2 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and about 1/12 of maximum strain

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Design of Steel Structure
In a gusseted base, when the end of the column is machined for complete bearing on the base plate, then the axial load is assumed to be transferred to base plate

75% by direct bearing and 25% through fastenings
50% by direct bearing and 50% through fastenings
Fully through fastenings
Fully by direct bearing

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