Design of Steel Structure
Bending compressive and tensile stresses respectively are calculated based on

gross area in both cases
net area in both cases
gross area and net area
net area and gross area

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Design of Steel Structure
When the axis of load lies in the plane of rivet group, then the most heavily loaded rivet will be the one which (where, Fa is the load shared by each rivet due to axial load and Fm is the shearing load due to moment in any rivet.)

is at the minimum distance from CG of the rivet group
is at the maximum distance from CG of the rivet group
gives the maximum angle between the two forces Fa and Fm
gives the minimum angle between the two forces Fa and Fm

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